Culturing live foods for fish larviculture using non‐microalgal diet: The role of waste‐generated bacteria and selected commercial probiotics—A review

Condensed suspension of live microalga cells, for example, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis tetrathele is often utilized as diets mass production food resources, that is, rotifers, copepods, cladocerans Artemia. These resources are essential fish larviculture in hatcheries. However, the sufficient microalgae costly, laborious fragile, thus require cost-effective stable technologies, especially emerging countries. Studies have shown locally available biowastes such wastes chicken manure provide substrates generating billions heterotrophic bacterial cells microparticles well growth hormones, which can be used propagating resources. The contain nutrients important both foods larvae. With single feeding wastes, culture condition may become unstable, isolates selected probiotics, genus Pseudomonas, Moraxella Micrococcus needed to stabilize conditions increase reproduction capacity cultured foods. This article consolidates results conclusions our recent studies on Proales similis de Beauchamp, Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff, Tigriopus japonicus Mori Diaphanosoma celebensis Stingelin, using waste-generated bacteria from waste diet (FWD) probiotics. non-algal materials reviewed this ensure constant supply cheap improve aquaculture, developing countries, lack sophisticated technology high-density microalgae.